Of all the precious metals, gold is
the most popular as an investment. Investors generally buy gold as a hedge
or harbor against economic, political, or social fiat currency crises
(including investment market declines, burgeoning national debt, currency
failure, inflation, war and social unrest).
The gold market is subject to speculation as are other markets,
especially through the use of futures contracts and derivatives. The history of the gold standard,
the role of gold reserves in central banking, gold's low correlation with
other commodity prices, and its pricing in relation tofiat currencies during
the Late-2000s financial crisis, suggest that gold behaves more like a currency than
a commodity
Gold
price
Gold has been used throughout history as money and has been a relative standard for currency equivalents specific
to economic regions or countries, until recent times. Many European countries
implemented gold standards in the latter part of the 19th century until
these were temporarily suspended in the financial crises involving World War I.
After World War II, the Bretton
Woods system pegged the United States dollar to gold at a
rate of US$35 per troy ounce. The
system existed until the 1971 Nixon Shock, when the US unilaterally suspended the direct
convertibility of the United States dollar to gold and made the transition to
a fiat currency system. The last currency to be divorced from
gold was the Swiss Franc in 2000.
Since 1919 the most common benchmark for the
price of gold has been the London
gold fixing, a twice-daily
telephone meeting of representatives from five bullion-trading firms of the London
bullion market. Furthermore,
gold is traded continuously throughout the world based on the intra-day spot price, derived from over-the-countergold-trading
markets around the world (code "XAU"). The following table sets forth
the gold price versus various assets and key statistics:
Factors
influencing the gold price
Today, like most commodities, the price of gold
is driven by supply
and demand as well asspeculation. However unlike most other commodities, saving
and disposal plays a larger role in affecting its price than its consumption. Most of the gold ever mined still exists in
accessible form, such as bullion and mass-produced jewellery, with little value
over its fine weight — and is thus potentially able to come back onto
the gold market for the right price.
At the end of 2006, it was estimated that all the gold ever mined
totalled 158,000 tonnes (156,000 long tons; 174,000 short tons). This can be represented by a cube with
an edge length of 20.2 metres (66 ft).
Given the huge quantity of gold stored
above-ground compared to the annual production, the price of gold is mainly
affected by changes in sentiment (demand), rather than changes in annual
production (supply). According to the World
Gold Council, annual mine
production of gold over the last few years has been close to 2,500 tonnes. About 2,000 tonnes goes into jewellery or industrial/dental
production, and around 500 tonnes goes to retail investors and exchange traded
gold funds
